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Virginia KwanSocial perception at multiple levels – self-perception, interpersonal perception, and group perception – is central to my work. It is inherently social phenomenon and cannot be studied in isolation from two facts about interpersonal perception: the individual always acts as a perceiver and is always a target of perception. This interplay of self-perception and interpersonal perception is essential to understanding longstanding issues in the field. Are self-perceptions basically accurate or are they characterized by positive illusions? And is accuracy in self-perception or positive illusions elated to mental health? These are some of the questions my work attempts to answer. Cultural perspectives are particularly important in my work because the notion of self differs across individualistic and collectivist cultures. I want to know whether positive illusions of self have the same impact on mental health in collectivist cultures as in Western individualistic cultures. This multi-level approach can also be used to understand the link between the diversity of a group and group performance. Here I focus on self-perception processes and individuation, arguing that self-verification and individuation are necessary conditions for capitalizing on the value of diversity on group performance. Visit WebsitePublications![]() Kwan, V. S. Y., Bond, M. H., & Singelis, T. S. (1997). Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction: Adding relationship harmony to self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1038-1051.
As predicted from the dynamics of cultural collectivism, the relative importance of relationship harmony to self-esteem was greater in Hong Kong than in the United States. In addition, independent and interdependent self-construals and the five factors of personality are culture-general determinants of life satisfaction, acting through the mediating variables of self-esteem and relationship harmony. Both self-construals and the 5 factors of personality were shown to influence life satisfaction through the mediating agency of self-esteem and relationship harmony in equivalent ways across these two cultural groups. ![]()
2) Gosling, S. D., Kwan, V. S. Y., & John, O. P. (2003). A dog’s got personality: A cross-species comparative approach to personality judgments in dogs and humans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1161-1169.
Can a cross-species comparative approach be realized empirically? Personality judgments of humans and dogs were compared on 3 accuracy criteria: internal consistency, consensus, and correspondence. Results showed that, on all 3 criteria, judgments of dogs were as accurate as judgments of humans. These findings are consistent with the evolutionary continuity hypothesis and suggest an important conclusion not widely considered by either personality or animal researchers: Personality differences do exist and can be measured in animals other than humans. |